In nutrition science, micronutrients—vitamins and minerals—may be required in small quantities, but their impact on health is profound. Deficiencies in these essential nutrients can disrupt physiological processes, weaken immunity, and impair growth and development.
Vitamins:
Each vitamin performs unique biological roles that sustain life.
Vitamin A supports vision and immunity; its deficiency leads to night blindness and xerophthalmia.
B Vitamins (B₁–B₁₂) are crucial for metabolism and nerve function. Deficiencies may cause anemia, fatigue, numbness, or neurological issues.
Vitamin C plays a role in collagen formation and immune defense; lack of it leads to scurvy, characterized by bleeding gums and poor wound healing.
Minerals:
Just as vital, minerals act as cofactors in enzyme systems, maintain fluid balance, and support bone and muscle function.
Calcium and Phosphorus are central to bone health. Deficiencies can result in fragility and osteopenia.
Iron is essential for oxygen transport—its deficiency leads to anemia and fatigue.
Zinc and Iodine deficiencies cause growth retardation and developmental issues.
Sodium and Potassium maintain electrolyte balance, nerve transmission, and muscle contraction.
Selenium and Magnesium support immune function and metabolic regulation.
Why it matters:
Micronutrient deficiencies are often called “hidden hunger” because their effects may not be immediately visible, yet they compromise overall well-being, productivity, and public health.
As nutrition professionals and scientists, our role extends beyond treating deficiency—we must focus on education, balanced diets, and fortified food systems that ensure adequate nutrient intake for all.
Balanced nutrition isn’t just about eating enough—it’s about eating right.