In this article we will research and report on information and communications technology (ICT) process models and their application.
ICT IN EDUCATION
In the earlier days, before ICT was implemented, education system was firm. The knowledge gained was based on the information that were in the text books and the limited skill set of the teacher. So, there was a huge difference in the education given by various institutions. Due to financial constraints not all teachers could travel to different places to impart education. The typical classroom setup where the teacher wrote on the blackboard and the students copied the data was marks oriented. The system was boring and monotonous. It also resulted in a random evaluation because of lack of identical standards for assessment. The assessment was always based on the current performance and there was no comparison with the previous results, and the actual improvement can be achieved by evaluating the mistakes in the previous assessment and suggesting ways to correct them, but there was no database maintained to ensure that the evaluation of the pupil is preserved. Only a basic report was given out that could map the marks obtained to his performance and there was no development after that.
Things are already starting to move this way with the exposure of massive open online courses. Education system will needonly one major requirement to be prepared for the future that is the fast and strong internet connection. Infrastructure is paramount to the future of technology in education. With the cloud, the world will be our classroom.
ICT IN AGRICULTURE
Food is the basic need for living organisms, without food nothing can survive in this world. Agriculture is the only resource for the production of food. Agriculture is an important sector with the majority of the rural population in developing countries. The sector faces major challenges of enhancing production in a situation of dwindling natural resources necessary for production. The growing demand for agricultural products gives an opportunities for producers to improve their income. Information and communication technologies play an important role in stating these challenges and raising the income of the poor.The benefits of ICT in agriculture include updated information on agriculture related issues such as new varieties release, new threats, weather forecast, pricing control, warning alerts etc.
ICT IN MEDICINE
Information and Communication technology has brought many changes in medical education and practice in the last couple of decades. The patient records are stored in paper before ICT was implemented but now all has changed. Each and every record are stored in database by the means of technology. All the diseases oriented information are also stored in databases for reference.
The future technology of medicine will be completely based on the nanotechnology, robotics, etc. The world of medicine will adequately be cured by equipment like laser technology and many other new instruments.
ICT IN DEFENSE
Defense of the nations have had a strong impact by Information and Communication Technology. ICT and defense industry have strong and progressive relationship. Both have a direct or positive relationship to one another. Advancement in ICT brings benefits to the development in defense industry and vice versa.
The five technology drivers of the infrastructure evolution are:
Moore’s law and micro processing power:
Moore’s law is the most powerful law in the evolution of computers as they are concerned with microprocessor chips and transistors. These chips and transistors helped in increasing the power of a computer exponentially.
Metcalfe’s law and network economics:
This law generally states that if there are already some resources exist then you can add more users at economical cost. Suppose, a company wants to build a network for 20 users, then they will need to spend necessary amount for the basic resources. If the company have already some resources then, they can easily add more users at a minimum cost.
Standards and network effects:
To grow an infrastructure, technology standards are must be required. They allow suppliers to build products that works flawlessly with each other.
The law of mass digital storage:
It is known that, if the amount of digital information will expand then, there is more. storage will be required. It is needed to store more photos, videos, and music. Hence, his law is must be included.
Declining communications costs and the internet:
Declining communication costs makes the connectivity if users to the internet cheaper. More is the users connected to the internet, more will be the ways to meet the expectations of users.
The most influential technology driver is Metcalfe’s law and network economics because the growth of the network is directly proportional to the usability of the users.